Silicon carbide powder production process

Silicon carbide powder production process, characterized by the following steps:
(A) take the silicon carbide raw material, crushing machine, crushing and sieving to not more than 5mm of silicon carbide particles, and then shaping machine shaping them to no more than 2mm of silicon carbide particles, and the particles of which accounted for 80 Oval % or more, and then its acid cleaning, drying;
(2) above the dry mill with silicon carbide particles smash into d50 = 9.5-11.5μm silicon carbide powder, crushed when the mill is set to host the current 65-75A, fan flow is set to 40 - 50m3/min, analysis machine speed of 400 - 600 rpm / min;
(3) and then use the vortex air classifier silicon carbide powder grading, grading, vortex flow fan air classifier is 25-43m3/min, classifier wheel rotational speed of 2600 - 3300 rev / min, from grading mouth ceded ds94 = 6.5-5.5μm particle size of the finished product A, cyclone separation ds94 ≤ 5.5μm mouth semi-finished products;
(4) The cyclone vortex air classifier mouth separated by semi-impeller type air classifier and then a second grading, grading, impeller fan air classifier flow 25-10m3/min, classifier wheel rotational speed of 1300 - 1700 rev / min, separated from the particle size classification mouth ds94 = 4.5-3.0μm finished product B, then the separated product cyclone mouth.

Garnet degaussing method

Mineral water immersion Garnet
Buy a new bottle of mineral water, then let a glass bowl, pour the garnet sand into the cup and mineral water soak for 24 hours. To balance the negative energy spar.
Defense salt immersion method
The spar into a glass house, in accordance with each bracelet 10 grams defense salt, calculated against 500 ml of mineral water, soak for 24 hours, after soaking with mineral water or purified water rinse and then dry, then digestion crystal magnetic field around the stone, you can also give pieces Crystal degaussing, the amount of Cadogan several defense salt and mineral water. Note that the salt say is Japan's defense salt, non-ordinary salt, defense salt of the metal, crystal-corrosive, does not change the nature of crystal. Obsidian recommended defense salt demagnetized.
Under what circumstances need degaussing
Long time no degaussing (recommended at least once a month eliminate magnetic), is not like touch, wishes come true, and out of the filthy places (such as funeral homes, hospitals, cemeteries), met sewage stolen goods and so need degaussing.

Corundum smelting general method of operation

Corundum smelting belong mineral hot furnace melting, smelting There are three main ways: Fixed furnace melting block method, dumping furnace smelting and refining flow mode method, because large-scale investment exile smelting, present, China mainly uses a fixed block method and dumping melting furnace furnace smelting two ways:
1, the dumping of the furnace (method) the production of corundum crystalline aggregates many small crystal size, and the distribution of high glass phase in the grain boundary, so that poor toughness, brittleness, shedding from sharp abrasive resistance, good compactness, compared with bonded abrasives and refractories adapted.
2, frit furnace (France) produced corundum, crystal aggregates small crystal size large, glassy less, so poor brittleness, toughness, wear resistance is good. Because crystals, toughness and brittleness better this way produced corundum smelting more adapted to the manufacture of coated abrasives. It is still the largest production and use of abrasive abrasive.
In recent years, due to bauxite resources for corundum smelting bauxite serious decline in quality, in particular commodity quality corundum difficult to achieve downstream product quality requirements, so corundum abrasives production, processing and post-processing becomes increasingly more important.

How to correctly select the corundum

1, white fused alumina abrasive, slightly higher than the hardness of corundum, but poor toughness, easy to cut into the workpiece during grinding, good self-sharpening, less heat, grinding ability, high efficiency. Chromium corundum abrasive is its derived varieties.
2, corundum abrasive, the main component of Al2O3, with medium hardness, toughness, particle Fengrui, relatively inexpensive, suitable for machining high tensile strength of the metal. Microcrystalline corundum abrasives and black corundum abrasives are its derived varieties.
Many of my friends in the purchase of corundum, grit and other abrasives, there will be carefully selected, select the correct product corundum blasting machines and other equipment will not affect the operation of the machine can cause serious trouble, corundum and other abrasives are generally divided into steel cut wire shot, alloy balls, white cast iron balls just in the use of corundum, because of the hardness of corundum is low and difficult to break, to maintain the shape of a blunt garden, on the leaves to shock, move-based, so the In this case the role of blade grinding suffered weak, partial grinding surface cracks and scratches a little more. In the scanning electron microscope samples for imported true for low-times be observed, that the lateral wear surface of a bulk wave, ripple motion perpendicular to the direction of the projectile.
3, single crystal corundum abrasive material particles are composed of a single crystal, and has a good polygonal cutting edge, high hardness and toughness, grinding ability, less grinding heat, the disadvantage is the high cost of production, yield lower, so the price is relatively high. White fused alumina abrasive is crystalline compound, slightly lower hardness, crystal size is fine, good wear resistance.
4, black silicon carbide abrasive, green silicon carbide abrasive, abrasive cubic silicon carbide, silicon carbide abrasive cerium, etc., are silicon carbide abrasive, the main ingredient is silicon carbide SiC, high hardness, brittleness, sharp abrasive grains, good thermal conductivity, strong wear resistance, more suitable for processing hard and brittle metallic and non-metallic products.

Corundum coating knife cutting wear a variety of reasons

The color is white corundum state, its simple structure, flexibility is softer than corundum, high reliability and a very wide range of applications. Metal cutting process, resulting in the tool wear is mainly due to the contact between the tool and the workpiece and the friction and blade near the extreme high temperature and pressure conditions. Cutting area of ??any one unit change in contact conditions will affect the tool wear, these conditions include tool material, tool coating and tool geometry specifications, there are other conditions and the physical properties of the workpiece material, corundum cutting tool parameters and the appropriate conditions , cooling and lubrication conditions, the process of cutting machine tool vibration greater or more serious causes the tool to jump fluctuate overload.
Because of different cutting conditions when machining different materials, corundum tool wear mechanism is different: at low cutting speeds, often dominated by abrasive wear; speed cutting, with the cutting speed, cutting temperature increases, bond wear and chemical wear more and more prominent. This paper mainly Ti (C, N) ceramic coated carbide cutting Cr12 mold steel knife tool wear failure analysis studies.
Corundum diffusion wear when cutting steel, cutting temperatures often reach 800 ~ 1000 ℃, or even higher, diffusion wear of carbide cutting tools become one of the main reasons for wear, beginning from 800 ℃, cemented carbide Co, C, W will spread to the chip and other elements to be taken in; the chips to the alloy of Fe diffusion, to form a new, low hardness, high brittleness of the composite carbide. The diffusion of Co, WC, TiC and other carbides reduced due to the Co binder reduce the bond strength with the substrate, which would accelerate the wear of the tool. Meanwhile, the temperature rises to a certain degree of adhesion occurs, therefore, diffusion wear and adhesive wear is often occur simultaneously.
In the tool wear surface morphology observed in the process, we found that more or less the clearance face of the tool, there are some small round particles. To explore these little balls of ingredients, using EDS energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis performed on the part. Found that these pellets mainly composed of a metal Fe and O, presumed to be iron oxides. Corundum ball shape is round, can not be generated in the cutting chips. According to theory of metal crystallization, to form such a round spherical objects, the most likely route is through the liquid - solid transition to achieve, because the liquid substance in order to have a minimum surface energy, with automatic shrink into a ball trend. In high-speed cutting, the temperature is high, although the cutting groove wear areas there is no theoretical temperature at the tip and the rake is high, but the trench oxidation and diffusion regions violent, especially from high-speed chip flow, Tool wear resulting in a trench area in contact with the sharp edges of the chip generates strong friction, wear the trench area and micro contact the local temperature is high, reaching some of the chips on a micro melting temperature, so he formed a lot small balls.
To reduce the corundum small tool wear, cutting parameters can be optimized to ensure product quality and processing efficiency in the case of small cutting parameters selection cutting force for cutting; coating material composition can be optimized to improve the coating material machinability, using advanced multi, multi-layer, gradient coating system, by increasing the intermediate layer to improve the coating and the substrate adhesion and corundum coated cutter when appropriate substrate pretreatment.

Corundum: What are the main component of corundum

Corundum name comes from India, Department of Mineralogy name, gemology gemstone conditions have called on Ruby (Ruby), Sapphire (Sapphire). Isomer like corundum Al2O3 There are three main variants, namely α-Al2O3, β-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3,, according to X-ray diffraction analysis indeed there is η-Al2O3 (equiaxed), ρ-Al2O3 (Crystal Department of uncertainty), χ-Al2O3 (hexagonal system), κ-Al2O3 (hexagonal system), δ-Al2O3 (tetragonal), θ-Al2O3 (monoclinic [1]). Corundum variety of colors, there is a colorless, white, yellow (pigment ion Ni, Cr), yellow (pigment ion Ni), red (pigment ion Cr), blue (pigment ion Ti, Fe), green (pigment ion Co, Ni , V), purple (Ti, Fe, Cr), brown, black (pigment ion Fe, Fe), incandescent violet, purple under fluorescent effect (pigment ion V).
Corundum glass luster, hardness 9. Weighting 395-410. In the high-temperature aluminum-rich C depleted silicon formed under conditions, mainly related magmatism, contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism.
Corundum is bauxite mining as the main raw material refining furnace artificial materials with corundum, green silicon carbide powder. Yu do abrasives and refractories. Called high purity white fused aluminum oxide, a small amount of impurities is called as a brown corundum.

For green silicon carbide powder characteristics and magnetic introduction of knowledge

Green silicon carbide powder characteristics Green, high hardness and cutting ability, chemical stability, good thermal conductivity. High purity, brittle, microhardness 3280-3400 kg / mm2. It is made of abrasive, suitable for processing high hardness, brittleness of the material, green silicon carbide powder Scope: do bonded and coated abrasives, and polishing and so on. Suitable for machining cast iron, tungsten carbide, titanium, high-speed steel. Can grind glass, ceramics, stone, agate and jade and other non-metallic materials, fine jewelry, heating elements and thermal elements. Such as carbide, optical glass, glass and ceramics brittle ma non-metallic materials, can also be used to manufacture high-grade Sic Refractory, electric components and electrical component products. Green silicon carbide powder separator Green silicon carbide material to be crushed by magnetic separation. Generally the wet milled material into a concentration of 25% to 40% of the slurry, a wet magnetic separation to remove the ball into the iron. Production of smaller, can be used wet permanent magnetic blocks. When the large-scale production, can be wet magnetic separator, such as CST162 electromagnetic iron machine. The aircraft magnetic field strength of 7000 Oe or more, stopping every 20 ~ 30min filters cleaned once removed, can make the material magnetic material content to 0.002% or more.

Under the new situation of silicon carbide industry, new thinking

First, the silicon carbide industry development statusSilicon carbide fine powder as a new multi-functional composite materials, in recent years, is widely used in high-end solar energy, cutting grinding semiconductor, LED, nonmetal ceramics, high-performance sealing rings and other fields. Especially in recent years, both domestic and foreign media and industrial policies are strongly boost the rapid development of this emerging industry. Strong development of photovoltaic industry expectations, resulting silicon carbide industry hot, attracting a large number of enterprises and social investors flocked to overcome the energy conservation and other multi-pressure silicon carbide production enterprises of all sizes can be described as everywhere, the burgeoning optimism .In recent years, as the global voice of the yearly high energy saving, new energy photovoltaic enterprises to obtain a triumph of development, especially in the photovoltaic industry in 2010 experienced a spurt of development. With the rise of the photovoltaic industry, for important materials as silicon wire cutting silicon carbide fine powder to form a huge demand. 2010, the global installed capacity of 15.7GW, the demand for silicon carbide fine powder of about 260,000 tons (of green silicon carbide fine powder), known to be projected green silicon carbide blocks about 500,000 tons of raw materials. In the case of expectations and optimism, our green silicon carbide production capacity has reached 1.6 million tons, mainly distributed in Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang and other regions, serious excess capacity.Into 2011, the photovoltaic industry experienced a 2005-2010 compound annual growth rate of more than 40% of rapid growth, this year from April to May, the most important by the European PV market policy changes, the PV installed capacity is almost stagnant state. Serious overcapacity photovoltaic industry chain inventory pressure makes drastic correction, prices have been falling, from integrated systems, components, into silicon, and even higher threshold to the upstream polysilicon raw materials, industrial chain spared. Statistics show that since the start of April 1st polysilicon spot market prices fell 40% (by early April of 780,000 yuan / ton down to the current 350,000 yuan / ton), silicon prices fell more than 40%, component prices fell 27%.The whole industry chain prices fell rapidly, so that all photovoltaic enterprise gross margins have fallen sharply, rapidly narrowing profit margins, some no-cost or even a loss advantage for SMEs, the operating rate fell below 50%. Tragic extent comparable to the 2008 financial crisis.In this context, as part of its industrial chain on a ring, silicon carbide, can not escape the production enterprises, the products have no market price, business situation deteriorated sharply, the industry reshuffle is inevitable.Second, the silicon carbide industry, "danger" and "machine"1, the prices are low, silicon carbide market boom downAs the product homogeneity serious, 2011 massive release of new capacity, the formation of short-term relative surplus in the western region of silicon carbide falling price trend was sustained for several months.Price from raw material silicon carbide blocks early April 11,000 yuan / ton down to the current 9000 yuan / ton, and even some manufacturers have reported 8000-8500 yuan / ton, has formed a short-term vicious cycle. Now, with the western region to cancel preferential tariff policy (tariffs generally reached 0.4 yuan / kWh), a lot of silicon carbide smelting enterprises have already meager profit, almost in barely maintain production.In terms of silicon carbide fine powder, as its main application market, the swings in the photovoltaic industry but also to the silicon carbide fine powder tremendous impact on the market. January and February this year, the price of PV modules and cells begin to fall, followed by silicon, in May after the upstream polysilicon prices also began a marked decline. After nearly three months of continuous decline, the price of polysilicon has been the lowest in six years. Quotes from the entire PV industry decreased downstream to upstream reverse conduction, still no signs of recovery, according to a rough estimate, at least silicon carbide fine powder prices fell more than 15%, or even higher. More worrying still is that prices fell sharply, while turnover has not significantly expanded, and have actually appeared in price and volume of Qi or situation.2, the impact of changes in the economic environment of silicon carbide industrySince March, the country and more off-season "power shortage" phenomenon. National Energy Board and the Development and Reform Commission has issued restrictions, especially high energy-consuming industries industrial electricity, industrial electricity price increases and a series of policies already in a recession for the silicon carbide industry and form a larger impact.2011 With the tightening of national macro-control, the central bank to raise interest rates three times, five times raised the deposit reserve ratio, survival and development of SMEs facing difficulties. SiC bad financial strength within the industry enterprises, survival woeful.Sharply increasing pressure of RMB appreciation, silicon carbide products belong to the state limit the export products, should be noted that this may result in more domestic-oriented enterprises, domestic market competition further intensified.Labor shortageWith the domestic economy to pick up, now the national general labor shortage, silicon carbide industry is no exception, in the current industry downturn, industry and employment issues more prominent, general workers, the wages of skilled workers have a considerable margin in the years after rise, because silicon carbide industry production environment is relatively poor labor intensity is relatively large, the actual labor costs are more difficult to circumvent the hard costs, has given enormous pressure on silicon carbide business.3, changes in the silicon carbide industry's largest PV market bearishAs the world's top two photovoltaic market, Germany, Italy accounted for more than 60% of the world PV market share, and in 2011, following the German government decided to cut solar subsidies 16% after, 1 April, the Italian government introduced a new PV subsidy policy, from the commencement date until the end of 2012, the PV subsidy cuts of 15% -20%; 2013-2015 PV subsidy will be reduced by 30% -35%. As opposed to the traditional current cost of photovoltaic energy is still at a high level, has always been driven by the development of policy, the amount of subsidies granted by the government sector and the development of photovoltaic industry boom of the high positive correlation sudden policy lowered, causing the biggest photovoltaic industry amplitude adjustment, the adjustment even more than in 2008 when the international financial crisis is even larger. This led directly to the silicon carbide fine powder prices and demand reduction.4, alternative technologies diamond wire saw (with wire-cutting example) has developed rapidlyWafer cutting technology currently available as an alternative to recent advances in technology, that Meyer Berger embedded diamond wire saw technology.Diamond wire saw has the world's largest wafer manufacturers - GCL Group successfully tested, while China PV industry representatives - Suntech currently being tested, is expected to the recent success. In addition, listed companies Henan diamond, Huanghe Whirlwind and other companies also recently announced a major investment strategy, the establishment of a joint venture to enter the diamond powder production, mainly used for diamond wire cutting wafers. This information is all reflected: Diamond wire cutting is accelerating to enter the field of solar wafer cutting pace. Will have a direct impact on the future use of the silicon carbide powder.5, quasi-monocrystalline solar cell has been officially put on the marketQuasi-monocrystalline solar cell conversion efficiency of monocrystalline cells with the same, but with the cost of the process rather polycrystalline cells, quasi-monocrystalline ingot technology resulting product has a single crystal efficiency, also has a low cost of polysilicon, the advantages of low attenuation .June 18, 2011, China Henan Anyang Phoenix Solar in Shanghai announced mass production of its quasi-monocrystalline material, will be officially put on the market. At present, more than 10 companies are using the quasi-monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic Phoenix, where two will begin in July bulk orders.From these unfavorable factors, the silicon carbide industry to achieve healthy development as soon as possible out of the current shadow, in addition to expect gradual improvement in the external environment outside the industry itself should be as soon as possible to improve and enhance the revolutionary future situation, the arduous tasks and Road away.

Seven corundum application industry

A non-ferrous metal smelting industry applications
Corundum with a high temperature, high strength, good thermal conductivity, impact, indirect heating materials for high temperature, such as the Kennedy Retort furnaces, distillation oven tray, pot, copper melting furnace lining, zinc arc furnace plate, thermocouple protection tubes.
(2) the application of the steel industry
Corundum corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance, wear resistance, and good thermal conductivity, for large furnace lining life improved. Cleaning very hard surfaces, such as: tungsten carbide workpieces.
3 metallurgical foundry industry applications
Corundum as metallurgical deoxidizer and high temperature materials, functional ceramics, advanced refractories, abrasives and metallurgical raw materials or abrasive polishing materials. You can also do chemical coatings. Corundum hardness only to diamond, with strong wear resistance, is resistant pipes, impeller of the pump chamber. Cyclone, ore bucket lined with an ideal material, the wear resistance of cast iron. Rubber life 5 -20 times, but also an ideal material for the runway aviation world.
4 ceramic building materials, wheel industrial applications using its thermal conductivity thermal radiation, heat intensity characteristics, manufacturing sheet metal kiln, kiln capacity not only reduce, but also improve furnace installed capacity and product quality, reducing production cycle, is the ideal sinter ceramic glazed baked indirect materials can also be used to make abrasive, such as wheel, Whetstone, grinding, silicon carbide rods, sand tile etc.
5 energy saving aspects of the application
    Use good thermal conductivity and thermal stability, as heat exchangers, fuel consumption decreased by 20%, 35% fuel savings, increased productivity by 20-30%, especially mine mill discharge pipeline with putting, corundum resistance grinding degree is 6-7 times of ordinary wear-resistant materials.
6 jade gem corundum grinding and polishing machine with ultrasonic vibration drilling machine drilling in the pores, and improve time efficiency, steel sandblasting, sandblasting is used in great depth of carving, such as: stone carving. Jade gemstone polishing to achieve the best results mirror bright.
7 corundum is also used in solar wire cutting.

Several preparation of silicon carbide ceramics

Because of the excellent performance of silicon carbide ceramic, silicon carbide ceramics so people very recognized, so the research and development of silicon carbide ceramics are also very much, following preparation of silicon carbide ceramics speak several ways.
(1) Although SiC hot temperatures above 2000 degrees and pressures above 350MPa can SIC hot pure dense, but usually a method or the use of additives. Pressing additives types: a class of impurities in silicon carbide form a liquid phase by liquid phase sintering promotion; one is reduced forms a solid solution with SiC grain boundary to promote sintering.
(2) atmospheric pressure sintered silicon carbide SiC is also named as sintered silicon carbide, sintered at temperatures above 2100 degrees, generating high-purity, high-density silicon carbide ceramics.
(3) reaction bonded silicon carbide SiC reaction, also known as self-adjoint SIC. Silicon carbide powder and graphite powder mixed at a ratio of body pressed into blocks, heated to 1650 degrees, and C by a gas phase reaction.

Properties and Applications of Silicon Carbide Fibers

Silicon carbide fibers the maximum use temperature of 1200 ℃, the heat resistance and oxidation resistance are better than carbon fiber, strength of 1960 ~ 4410MPa, the maximum use temperature strength retention rate of 80%, modulus of 176.4 ~ 294GPa, chemical stability, too.
Silicon carbide fibers are mainly used for high-temperature materials and reinforced materials, high temperature materials including thermal shielding materials, heat resistant conveyor belt, filtered hot gas or molten metal filter cloth. When used as a reinforcing material, often with carbon fibers or glass fibers in combination with reinforced metal (such as aluminum) and ceramics based, such as brake pads made of jet engine blades, landing gear and fuselage structural materials, and also can be used as sporting goods, and its short-cut fibers are used as high temperature furnaces and other materials.
The manufacturing process of the silicon carbide filament is above 400 ℃ polysilane, a thermal transposition reaction, the methyl group on the side chain to form a methylene, into the main chain of silicon - silicon, the formation of polycarbosilane, then dry spinning or melt spinning into fibers. In order to prevent fiber fusion bonding occurs during carbonization, must first do not melt at a lower temperature processing perishable. Not melt the fiber in a vacuum or inert gas is heated to 1200 ~ 1500 ℃, the side chain methyl and hydrogen in prolapse, leaving only the silicon - carbon skeleton component, and the formation of the structure of β-silicon carbide fibers. Finally, cluster sizing handle and winding. Depending on the type of sizing agent end use, when used in reinforced plastics resin sizing agent can be used, reinforced metal and ceramics requires further lower temperature heat decomposed by the sizing agent. The - SiC continuous fibers composed of fine grains, can be vapor deposition or sintering method spinning manufacture.

Corundum smelting knowledge of skills

First, the broken arc
Features: No current show, the furnace no sound, no flashing between the electrodes.
Cause: arcing rod fixation is not good, take the stick shift too early to melt less; feeding too fast, aluminum oxide immersed interrupting the current path, string lumps formed by the reaction furnace, electrode whereabouts blocked.
Solution: do check before arcing; furnace conditions more stable carbon rod fishing again; attention feed rate; strings furnace ground activities electrode; re-arcing.
Second, the string furnace
Characteristics: melt the solid powder material flows back and forth rapidly, stirring up a lot of aluminum oxide powder, sometimes resulting in broken arc, generally occurs within 10h after the open furnace.
Cause: rim material layer is thick, hearth melting surface is small, feeding uneven, resulting in uneven heating, a certain part of the melt furnace and the furnace wall contact or pressure is large, and a large number of cold spray molten material flows .
Solution: the first few h using a lower voltage, expanding melt surface, increasing the amount of fluid; serious lumps when broken, flat charge, thorough treatment.
Third, blasting
Features: sudden roaring furnace, profuse heat, fireball, no lining, the shooting at the furnace shell redness, causing severe leakage furnaces.
Cause: bottom, lining damp, moist ingredients, outside water immersion, the material layer is too thick, improper operation, causing the furnace pressure is too large.
Solution: prevent the bottom wet; controlling raw water; strengthen operations, to ensure uniform material layer; without lining furnace to increase the cooling water; timely processing, broken agglomerates, flat charge.
Fourth, the "pull lining"
Features: lining reaction melt and the melt somersault jumps over the material layer, serious, feeding is difficult to suppress, or even missing stove accidents.
Cause: improper operation, feeding inequality or discomfort, the outer electrode material layer is too thin, too close to the furnace wall electrode spacing, low voltage and so on.
Solution: Add corundum lack lateral electrode material, size 20-40mm; adjust the voltage or the distance between electrodes; reduce the current, lower input power, increase the amount of cooling water; shutdown processing when necessary.

 

Calcium

Calcium alloy is composed of element silicon, calcium and iron alloy composite is an ideal compound deoxidizer, desulfurizer. Is widely used in high-quality steel, mild steel, stainless steel and nickel-based alloys, titanium-based alloys and other special alloys production of which; also suitable for practicing the converter steel plant with warming agents; also can be used for cast iron inoculant and additives in the production of ductile iron.
Use
Ca and Si has a strong affinity with oxygen. Especially calcium, not only have a strong affinity with oxygen, and sulfur, nitrogen has a very strong affinity. So calcium alloy is an ideal compound deoxidizer, desulfurizer. Silicon alloy not only oxygen capacity, deoxidation products easy to go up, easy to discharge, but also to improve the performance of steel to improve the ductility, impact toughness and mobility. Currently calcium alloy can be used instead of aluminum for final deoxidation. Be applied to high-quality steel.
Special steel and special alloys production. Such as rail steel, mild steel, stainless steel and other steel and nickel-based alloys, titanium-based alloys and other special alloys, calcium alloy can be used as a deoxidizer. Calcium alloy is also suitable for BOF steel plant used to practice warming agent, calcium alloy is also used as cast iron and ductile iron inoculant production of additives.